HCV New Drugs

This blog is all about current FDA approved drugs to treat the hepatitis C virus (HCV) with a focus on treating HCV according to genotype, using information extracted from peer-reviewed journals, liver meetings/conferences, and interactive learning activities.

Risk Of Developing Liver Cancer After HCV Treatment

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Thursday, April 28, 2011

New Hepatitis C Drugs In The News; Telaprevir and Boceprevir



April 28 The FDA advisory panel unanimously backed the approval of Vertex Pharmaceuticals proposed hepatitis C-drug telaprevir.

April 27 - VICTRELIS (boceprevir) was unanimously recommended for approval by the FDA Advisory Committee .

In The News;

FDA Panel Endorses Boceprevir for Hepatitis C

By Emily P. Walker, Washington Correspondent, MedPage Today
Published: April 27, 2011
SILVER SPRING, Md. --

An FDA advisory committee has voted unanimously to recommend approval of the investigational drug boceprevir (Victrelis), in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin, to treat hepatitis C genotype 1.

The agency's Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee voted 18-0 Wednesday that boceprevir, made by Merck, appears to be a safe and effective new option to treat a disease that affects between three and four million people in U.S.

The panel was expected to endorse the drug -- and the FDA is expected to approve it -- since clinical trials showed that in the difficult-to-treat genotype 1 patients boceprevir yielded sustained virological response rates as high as 67%.

In contrast, the rate for patients getting the standard regimen of pegylated interferon injections and ribavirin pills was about 40%.

The drug is one of two hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitors that will be reviewed during the panel's two-day meeting this week. The other is telaprevir -- slated for review on Thursday -- which exhibited even higher sustained response rates than boceprevir.

If the FDA approves the two new drugs as expected, they would be the first HCV protease inhibitors to reach market and are thought to represent a major advance in therapy for genotype 1 hepatitis C.
Until now, treatment has relied on boosting the immune system, rather than attacking the virus directly.
Panelist Lawrence Friedman, MD, chair of the Department of Medicine at Newton-Wellesley Hospital in Newton, Mass., said when he first started seeing HCV patients, there was no treatment at all.
"To go to 60% or 70% [sustained response] really seems like a dream come true," he said. "I think this is a major advance, so I'm very enthusiastic about this drug."

Both boceprevir and telaprevir have attracted major buzz among physicians and patients on the basis of excellent-looking clinical trial results, most recently from two of boceprevir's pivotal studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine last month.

On Wednesday, the panel discussed Merck's trial data, which suggest that adding boceprevir to the standard peginterferon-ribavirin combination doubles or triples the sustained viral response rates among certain subsets of patients.
For instance, in one of the trials, in patients who had never been treated for HCV, 40% of the control group receiving the conventional regimen had a sustained response versus about 70% of patients with boceprevir added.

Analyzing data of patients with previous partial or unsustained responses to the standard regimen showed that 21% achieved a sustained response with a second round of the same treatment, whereas approximately 60% did when that second round included boceprevir.
The core treatment regimen with boceprevir tested in the trials included a four-week lead-in period with peginterferon and ribavirin with boceprevir then added for 44 weeks. But some of the trials also included a regimen in which the duration of boceprevir treatment could be extended based on how well a patient was responding to treatment after eight and 24 weeks.

Merck would like the drug's label to allow longer treatment for patients with detectable HCV RNA at eight weeks but who achieve a full virologic response at 24 weeks, as some data suggested that such a regimen improves the sustained response rate.

But the panel expressed concern over that type of "response-guided therapy," in part because it would make HCV treatment even more complicated.

Panelists also discussed the hematologic side effects associated with boceprevir -- including anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia -- all of which were more common in patients treated with boceprevir -- but they were ultimately convinced that anemia is a manageable side effect during treatment with boceprevir and is reversible after the drug is stopped.

The FDA is expected to make decisions on both boceprevir and telaprevir in May and physicians who treat HCV patients are eagerly awaiting approval. The anticipation has led some doctors to postpone treatment until the drugs are available, according to Donald Gardenier, DNP, of Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.

The delays are based on the expectation that "the new treatments will be both more effective and administered over shorter courses," Gardenier said in an email to MedPage Today.
For most patients, the delay will have "little or no downside," he said.

"Chronic hepatitis C progresses slowly and the goal of treatment is to prevent the long-term consequences, so a delay of a few months is not significant for most patients," Gardenier said.
In some cases, such as where liver disease is advanced, doctors would go ahead with standard treatment, he added, "although that happens less frequently as the availability of the new medications comes closer."
Once the drug is approved, it still has to be made and shipped and insurers need to agree to pay for it, he noted. Currently, experts are expecting to see the drug in the clinic by late summer or early fall.
"In the meantime, we are actively planning for handling what we anticipate will be a corresponding increase in patient volume," Gardenier said.

New Drugs For Hepatitis C Called Game Changers
by Richard Knox
April 28
With declarations that a new day is dawning in the treatment of hepatitis C, members of a federal advisory panel unanimously approved the first of two new drugs to treat the stubborn liver infection on Wednesday.
The committee is expected to green light the second hep-C drug today. Few doubt the Food and Drug Administration will clear the new drugs for market, possibly as soon as next month.
"This changes the game completely," says Dr. Victoria Cargill of the National Institutes of Health, acting chair of the FDA's advisory committee. "I can look into the faces of the people (with hepatitis C) and offer them some hope."
 
"I can't wait to get back and talk to my patients about it," enthused panel member Dr. Barbara McGovern of Tufts Medical School in Boston.
Studies show that the new drugs – so-called protease inhibitors that interfere with the hep-C virus' ability to replicate – eliminate the virus in 65 to 80 percent of patients. Standard treatments, which involve the drugs ribavirin and pegylated interfereon, cure less than half of patients.
Many patients with hepatitis C have reportedly been delaying treatment in the hope of more effective new drugs.
The drug approved Wednesday, by an 18-0 vote, is Merck's boceprevir, which will carry the brand name Victrelis. Studies indicate it is somewhat less effective than Vertex Pharmaceutical's telepravir, which is up for a vote today. Both are effective in many cases against the worst form of hepatitis C, type 1.
Analysts predict Merck will pull in around $800 million a year from boceprevir, while Vertex might sell $3 billion worth of teleprevir. At least 3.2 million Americans have hepatitis C. The strongest risk factors are a history of injection drug use, multiple sex partners and blood transfusion before 1992.
Yet enthusiasm for the drugs is tempered by a lot of questions about who is likely to benefit and how to manage serious side effects, such as anemia and severe rashes. The advisory panel came up with three dozen post-marketing studies it wants Merck to do.
"I do think you have to be somewhat of a Talmudic scholar to prescribe this drug," says panel member Dr. Lawrence Friedman of Massachusetts General Hospital.
That's because many hepatitis C patients were excluded from efficacy studies – for instance, if they had failed on standard treatments, or if they were resistant to conventional drugs.
Advisory committee members also complained about the lack of information on African-American patients, who often don't respond as well to standard hepatitis C therapy. Cargill, who specializes in treating minorities with HIV infection, says this is a big concern. "I practice in a setting where approximately 95 percent of our patients are co-infected with hepatitis C" and HIV, she says.
Committee members also worry about the complexity of taking the new drugs (which are added to conventional treatments), patients' ability to adhere to treatment, the need to monitor them for signs of anemia, and the drugs' value for patients who have not responded to standard treatment.
But ultimately the panelists agreed that the benefits of the new pills clearly outweigh the risks. And this isn't the end of the story. Panel member Doris Strader of the University of Vermont points out that "there are drugs (for hepatitis C) coming along that may be better and simpler to use."

USciences Hosts Making the Connections: A Panel Discussion on Hepatitis C Prevention and Treatment
Released: 4/27/2011 5:00 PM EDT

Source: University of the Sciences

Newswise — Mayes College of Healthcare Business and Policy at University of the Sciences is hosting a panel discussion on hepatitis C prevention and treatment, on Thursday, April 28, 2011, from 5 to 7 p.m. The event will take place in the McNeil Science and Technology Center (43rd St. at Woodland Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104).

The panel of distinguished panel speakers will discuss the impact of the national strategy for preventing and treating hepatitis C and how the new pipeline of drugs will impact public health and patient care in the greater Philadelphia region.

Moderator Andrew Peterson, PharmD, PhD, Dean of Mayes College of Healthcare Business and Policy at USciences, will guide the panel that includes:
• Martin Black, MD, Chief of the Liver Unit and Liver Transplantation Director at Temple University School of Medicine
• Amy Jessop, PhD, MPH, Director of HepTREC at USciences’ Mayes College
• Tracy Swan, Hepatitis/HIV Project Director for the Treatment Action Group
• John Ward, MD, Director of the Division of Viral Hepatitis at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Making the Connections: A Panel Discussion on Hepatitis C Prevention and Treatment is made possible by an unrestricted educational grant from AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. This panel discussion is a component of year-long theme focusing on hepatitis that Mayes College is incorporating into its culture through classroom work, events, speakers, and student activities.

At University of the Sciences, students embark on a challenging learning experience in a proving ground for successful professionals in the science and healthcare-related fields. A private institution dedicated to education, research, and service, and distinguished as the nation’s first college of pharmacy, the University has produced leaders in the science and healthcare marketplaces since its founding in 1821. Students in USciences’ five colleges learn to excel in scientific analysis and to apply their skills to improving healthcare in the lives of people worldwide through such disciplines as pharmacy, biology, physical therapy, healthcare business, and health policy. For more information, visit usciences.edu.
– Twitter @USciences –

Pediatric Liver Trial Misses Primary Endpoint
By Kristina Fiore, Staff Writer, MedPage Today
Published: April 26, 2011
Neither vitamin E nor metformin significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), researchers say.

But, although the trial missed this primary endpoint of significant reductions in ALT levels compared with placebo, the vitamin may be able to mitigate the more progressive form of the disease, Joel Lavine, MD, PhD, of Columbia University Medical Center in New York, and colleagues reported in the April 27 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

"The data suggest that children treated with vitamin E who had biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) had significant improvement in secondary histologic outcomes with vitamin E," they wrote...continue reading...





Liver Cancer
.
San Diego’s Polaris Group, which seemed to spring out of nowhere, is moving to begin a late-stage clinical trial of ADI-PEG 20 for treating the most common type of liver cancer. The drug, also known as pegylated arginine deiminase, is intended to deprive tumor cells of arginine, an essential amino acid they need to survive and grow.

Related;
San Diego’s Polaris Moves to Late-Stage Test of Drug for Liver Cancer and Other “Arginine-Dependant” Tumors
Bruce V. Bigelow 4/27/11
Bor-Wen Wu says he had the North Star in mind in 2006 when he founded San Diego’s Polaris Group, a small holding company with a promising lead drug candidate for treating liver cancer, malignant melanoma, and other related cancers. As an explorer in science, Wu says, “I need a North Star to tell me where to go.”
Yet the path Wu has followed has been anything but a sure and constant course. In his quest to develop the drug ADI-PEG 20, Wu has formed eight companies since 2002 that are affiliated with Polaris; raised more than $60 million from individual investors in Taiwan; and battled to retain control of ADI-PEG after paying millions to acquire a predecessor company, Phoenix Pharmacologics of Lexington, KY.
Despite a sometimes-circuitous path, though, Wu has kept the Polaris Group focused on a distant goal. The FDA recently approved the company’s plans for a late-stage clinical trial of ADI-PEG 20, an enzyme also known as pegylated arginine deiminase. ADI-PEG 20 is incredibly effective in breaking down arginine, an amino acid that is critical to the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma—the primary type of liver cancer.
Among cancer drugs in Phase 3 trials, Wu boasts, “We’re not the first in class. We’re the only one in the class. There’s nothing in the rear-view mirror.”
A study published last year in the British Journal of Cancer estimates there are 500,000 new cases of hepatocellular cancer diagnosed worldwide annually, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10 percent in the United States and Europe. Polaris, which contends the liver cancer is far more prevalent in Asia, estimates that worldwide deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma is closer to 700,000 people a year, with more than 330,000, or nearly half, in China.
ADI-PEG 20 represents an especially hot area of cancer research, which has focused on finding ways to starve tumors by depriving them of key nutrients. In the case of liver cancer, Wu says a key genetic mutation that triggers hepatocellular carcinoma coincides with the specific gene that makes arginine in normal cells. The company says the correlation is more than 70 percent in the patients studied so far. As a result, most liver tumor cells are unable to manufacture their own arginine and depend on some other source of
 …Next Page »

Bruce V. Bigelow is the editor of Xconomy San Diego. You can e-mail him at bbigelow@xconomy.com or call 858-202-0492

Hepatitis B
.
Trends in mortality after diagnosis of hepatitis B or C infection: 1992–2006
Journal of Hepatology, 04/27/2011

Walter SR et al. - Improvements in hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment and uptake have most likely reduced non- hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver-related mortality. HCV drug-related mortality remained low compared to pre-2002 levels, likely due to changes in opiate supply, and maintenance or improvement in harm reduction strategies.

Methods

• HBV and HCV cases notified to the New South Wales (NSW) Health Department between 1992 and 2006 were linked to cause of death data and HIV/AIDS notifications.
• Mortality rates and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using person time methodology, with NSW population rates used as a comparison.
• The study cohort comprised 42,480 individuals with HBV mono-infection and 82,034 with HCV mono-infection.

Results• HIV co-infection increased the overall mortality rate three to 10-fold compared to mono-infected groups.

• Liver-related deaths were associated with high excess risk of mortality in both HBV and HCV groups (SMR 10.0, 95% CI 9.0-11.1; 15.8, 95% CI 14.8-16.8).
• Drug-related deaths among the HCV group also represented an elevated excess risk (SMR 15.4, 95% CI 14.5-16.3).
• Rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related death remained steady in both groups.
• A decrease in non-HCC liver-related deaths was seen in the HBV group between 1997 and 2006, but not in the HCV group.
• After a sharp decrease between 1999 and 2002, drug-related mortality rates in the HCV group have been stable.

Hepatitis B Virus Re-Emerges With Long-Term Nucleoside Analog Treatment
28 April 2011
A rebound of the Hepatitis B virus is common in patients receiving nucleoside analogs for chronic hepatitis B, according to a study from U-M hepatologists. But nearly 40% of the rebounds or virological breakthroughs (VBTs)...
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Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine

NIH launches Web resource on complementary and alternative medicine

Evidence-based information for health care providers
A new online resource, designed to give health care providers easy access to evidence-based information on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), was unveiled today by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health.
With this new resource, providers will have the tools necessary to learn about the various CAM practices and products and be better able to discuss the safety and effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine with their patients.
The portal on the NCCAM website at nccam.nih.gov is tailored to fit the needs of all health care providers, including physicians, nurses and nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and CAM providers. It includes information on the safety and efficacy of a range of common health practices that lie outside of mainstream medicine — natural products, such as dietary supplements, herbs, and probiotics, as well as mind-body practices such as meditation, chiropractic, acupuncture, and massage.
This resource was developed based on a series of NCCAM-sponsored focus groups where health care providers identified the need for an evidence-based, one-stop place to help answer their patients’ questions on CAM. With this need in mind, NCCAM developed a resource that provides reliable, objective, and evidenced-based information on CAM, including:
  • links to relevant clinical practice guidelines
  • safety and effectiveness information
  • links to systematic reviews
  • summaries of research studies
  • scientific literature searches
  • programs for continuing education credit
  • patient fact sheets
  • NCCAM's Time to Talk tool kit on communicating about CAM.
Americans annually spend nearly $34 billion out-of-pocket on CAM products and practices. Surveys show that nearly 40 percent of American adults and 12 percent of American children use some form of CAM. Other surveys show that patients do not regularly discuss these practices with their health care providers. In fact, a recent study of Americans aged 50 and older found that overall two-thirds of respondents had not discussed CAM with their health care provider.
"NCCAM is charged to study and provide evidence-based information on the safety and efficacy of CAM health practices that are readily available and already used by a great number of people," said Josephine P. Briggs, M.D., director of NCCAM. "As a physician, I understand the need to have easily accessible and accurate information on all health practices. This Web resource is a way for NCCAM to share this valuable information with all providers."

To use this resource, please visit http://nccam.nih.gov/health/providers/.
NCCAM's Time to Talk campaign encourages patients to tell their providers about CAM use and providers to ask about it by offering tools and resources — such as wallet cards, posters, and tip sheets — all of which are available for free at http://nccam.nih.gov/timetotalk/.

The mission of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) is to define, through rigorous scientific investigation, the usefulness and safety of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions and their roles in improving health and health care. For additional information, call NCCAM’s Clearinghouse toll free at 1-888-644-6226, or visit the NCCAM Web site at nccam.nih.gov.
About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit http://www.nih.gov/.

Ginkgo Biloba Reduces Pain And Inflammation In Rats
27 April 2011
Experiments in rats show that a standardized ginkgo extract-injected either into the spinal canal or directly into the injured area-effectively reduces inflammation and some types of pain, according to a report in the May...
HCV New Drugs at Thursday, April 28, 2011
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