Dry Mouth Causes and Solutions
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Xerostomia is a subjective complaint of oral dryness, which may or may not be related to salivary gland dysfunction. Xerostomia is an increasingly common clinical condition with a variety of causes; the major causes are medication (Especially Antidepressants), interferon *HCV Therapy, head and neck irradiation, and autoimmune disease (E.G., Sjogren's syndrome). Oral conditions associated with xerostomia include periodontal disease, rampant caries, and yeast and bacterial infections.
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The saliva in our mouths performs a variety of functions including cleaning, lubrication, chemical protection and antibody and cell mediated immune defenses. Because of its importance in fighting plaque and in helping prevent tooth decay, some people on HCV therapy report a sudden increase in cavities, especially if their dry mouth is severe. Dry mouth is usually worse at night and frequently creates a sore tongue, gums and cheeks. It may produce frothy, foamy and stringy saliva, difficulty talking, eating and swallowing; bad breath; dental decay and tooth sensitivity
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Cutaneous: Oral
CANDIDIASIS
OVERVIEW
CANDIDIASIS
OVERVIEW
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Patients receiving treatment for HCV infection may develop oral infections, the most frequent cause of which is fungal, with Candida albicans being the predominating organism. C. albicans is part of the normal flora in 40% to 60% of the population. Risk factors for developing the infection include immunosuppressive therapy, presence of HIV infection, dentures, diabetes, pregnancy, stress, and high doses of prolonged antibiotic therapy.. Signs and symptoms of oral infections may be minimal. The two most common symptoms are pain and tenderness with possible metallic taste. Other symptoms include oropharyngitis, difficulty eating spicy foods, and taste changes. If signs of odynophagia (painful swallowing) are also present, simultaneous involvement of the esophagus must be assumed, and systemic therapy is necessary. Infections appear as cottage-cheese–like to pearly white patches that coat the tongue. The patches may be discolored by food or tobacco and may scrape off easily, thereby revealing ulcerated and sometimes bleeding surfaces. Diagnosis is made from a smear taken from a culture using a Gram’s stain; however, the diagnosis is often made by confirming the response to antifungal therapy..
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PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES
Patients should be instructed to:
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1. Maintain good oral hygiene, performing mouth care before and after meals and at bedtime. Gently floss the teeth once daily after brushing.
2. Inspect their mouth daily for patches while on therapy.
3. Maintain good denture care.
4. Maintain a high-protein nutritional diet; avoid a high-carbohydrate diet, especially sugary foods that provide “empty” calories.
5. Avoid alcohol and tobacco.
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Symptomatic patients should be advised to:
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1. Choose moist foods (yogurts, puddings, etc), adding sauces, gravies, and other lubricants to foods whenever possible. Dry foods such as breads, crackers, or dry meats are not well tolerated alone.
2. Use ice chips to keep mouth lubricated and provide comfort.
3. Use topical salivary stimulation methods, such as sugarless mints and gum, but avoid citric acid–containing solutions or foods, such as lemons. Products sweetened with Xylitol may have an antibacterial benefit.
4. Rinse mouth frequently with saline solution.
5. Use fluoride treatment regimen, as recommended by patient’s dentist.
6. Attend to any dental caries that may exist and receive dental check for new-onset caries with prolonged xerostomia.
7. Avoid carbonated beverages, which can be painful ..
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Solutions
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What Is Magic Mouthwash ?
Timothy Moynihan, M.D.
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"Magic mouthwash" is the term given to a solution prepared by pharmacists and used to treat mouth sores (oral mucositis)
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Oral mucositis can be extremely painful and can result in an inability to eat, speak or swallow. Magic mouthwash may be used to treat mouth sores that result from some forms of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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There are many versions of magic mouthwash. Your doctor will likely write a prescription listing the ingredients and the amount of each. Magic mouthwash usually contains at least three of these basic ingredients: An antibiotic to kill bacteria around the sore An antihistamine or local anesthetic to reduce pain and discomfort An antifungal to reduce fungal growth A corticosteroid to treat inflammation An antacid to enhance coating of the other ingredients inside the mouth .
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Most formulations of magic mouthwash are intended to be used every four to six hours, and to be held in your mouth for one to two minutes before being either spit out or swallowed. It's recommended that you don't eat or drink for 30 minutes after using magic mouthwash so that the medicine has time to produce an effect.
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It's unclear how effective magic mouthwash is in treating oral mucositis. That's because of the lack of standardization in the formulations of mouthwash, and poorly designed studies done to gather data.
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If you have mouth sores that cause you pain and discomfort, talk with your doctor. Side effects of magic mouthwash may include problems with taste, a burning or tingling sensation in the mouth, drowsiness, constipation, diarrhea, and nausea
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,What Is Biotène?
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The strength of the Biotène products lies in their ingredients: they contain antibacterial enzymes found naturally in human saliva. Together, these ingredients re-create the natural oral protection found in the mouth, providing antibacterial and healing properties. Only Biotène's bio-enzyme products can help maintain a healthy balance of oral flora, reducing harmful bacteria while sustaining beneficial bacteria. Recommended for everyone susceptible to cavities, bad breath, mouth sores, and gum disease.
Biotène contains three primary enzymes - Glucose Oxidase, Lactoperoxidase, and Lysozyme, which are carefully balanced for a special function in boosting and replenishing saliva's own defenses. When used daily, Biotène reduces harmful bacteria, but leaves beneficial bacteria necessary for healthy teeth and oral tissues.
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Amarillo Biosciences to Supply Zydus Cadila, India’s Fifth Largest Pharmaceutical Company, with Dietary Supplement Maxisal for Indian Market
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Wednesday, 17 November 2010 10:06
Amarillo, Texas, November 16, 2010 — Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. today announced that it has signed a supply agreement with Zydus Cadila, the fifth largest pharmaceutical company in India, with projected worldwide sales of $1 billion in fiscal year 2010 and $3 billion in 2015. Under this agreement, Zydus will market ABI’s dietary supplement Maxisal in India and Nepal.
Amarillo Biosciences to Supply Zydus Cadila, India’s Fifth Largest Pharmaceutical Company, with Dietary Supplement Maxisal for Indian Market
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Wednesday, 17 November 2010 10:06
Amarillo, Texas, November 16, 2010 — Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. today announced that it has signed a supply agreement with Zydus Cadila, the fifth largest pharmaceutical company in India, with projected worldwide sales of $1 billion in fiscal year 2010 and $3 billion in 2015. Under this agreement, Zydus will market ABI’s dietary supplement Maxisal in India and Nepal.
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Maxisal enhances salivary function, promotes oral comfort and helps relieve dry mouth.
ABI initially launched Maxisal in the United States after clinical studies in subjects with Sjögren’s syndrome (characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth) found that the active ingredient in Maxisal significantly improved mouth comfort and decreased mouth and throat dryness. Maxisal is marketed in Germany by ABI’s licensee Egofocus OHG based in Darmstadt.
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“Based on the favorable reception Maxisal has met in the U.S., --which we attribute to the product’s clinical benefits and reasonable cost-- we fully expect that it will be successful in India. We are delighted that Zydus Cadila has agreed to market Maxisal and are hopeful that success in India and Nepal will lead them to expand Maxisal into some of the more than 50 other countries in which they currently market products,” said Dr. Joseph Cummins, President and CEO, ABI.
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About Amarillo Biosciences
Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. is a U.S. biotechnology firm operating in global partnership with the Hayashibara Group, which also holds 5.4% of Amarillo Biosciences shares and has provided over $18 million in loans, grants and equity investments. The Company's primary focus is extensive and ongoing R&D into the use of low-dose, orally administered interferon as a treatment for a variety of conditions, including influenza, hepatitis C, chronic cough, and opportunistic infections in patients who are HIV positive. The Company has invested nearly $40 million to establish oral interferon as a therapeutic agent. The majority of those funds were invested in clinical trials in an effort to achieve FDA approval for interferon. Additional information is available on the web at http://www.amarbio.com/
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About Zydus Cadila
Zydus Cadila is an innovative global pharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of healthcare products. The group’s operations range from API to formulations, animal health products and cosmeceuticals. Headquartered in the city of Ahmedabad in India, the group has global operations in four continents spread across USA, Europe, Japan, Brazil, South Africa and 25 other emerging markets. In its mission to create healthier communities globally, Zydus Cadila delivers wide ranging healthcare solutions and value to its customers. With over 11,000 employees worldwide, a world-class research and development centre dedicated to discovery research and eight state-of-the-art manufacturing plants, the group is dedicated to improving people’s lives. Additional information is available on the web at http://www.zyduscadila.com/
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Except for the historical information contained herein, the matters discussed in this news release are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including uncertainties related to product development, uncertainties related to the need for regulatory and other government approvals, dependence on proprietary technology, uncertainty of market acceptance of oral interferon or the Company’s other product candidates and other risks detailed from time to time in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In particular, see “Item 1. Description of Business” and “Item 7A. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009.
ABI initially launched Maxisal in the United States after clinical studies in subjects with Sjögren’s syndrome (characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth) found that the active ingredient in Maxisal significantly improved mouth comfort and decreased mouth and throat dryness. Maxisal is marketed in Germany by ABI’s licensee Egofocus OHG based in Darmstadt.
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“Based on the favorable reception Maxisal has met in the U.S., --which we attribute to the product’s clinical benefits and reasonable cost-- we fully expect that it will be successful in India. We are delighted that Zydus Cadila has agreed to market Maxisal and are hopeful that success in India and Nepal will lead them to expand Maxisal into some of the more than 50 other countries in which they currently market products,” said Dr. Joseph Cummins, President and CEO, ABI.
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About Amarillo Biosciences
Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. is a U.S. biotechnology firm operating in global partnership with the Hayashibara Group, which also holds 5.4% of Amarillo Biosciences shares and has provided over $18 million in loans, grants and equity investments. The Company's primary focus is extensive and ongoing R&D into the use of low-dose, orally administered interferon as a treatment for a variety of conditions, including influenza, hepatitis C, chronic cough, and opportunistic infections in patients who are HIV positive. The Company has invested nearly $40 million to establish oral interferon as a therapeutic agent. The majority of those funds were invested in clinical trials in an effort to achieve FDA approval for interferon. Additional information is available on the web at http://www.amarbio.com/
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About Zydus Cadila
Zydus Cadila is an innovative global pharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of healthcare products. The group’s operations range from API to formulations, animal health products and cosmeceuticals. Headquartered in the city of Ahmedabad in India, the group has global operations in four continents spread across USA, Europe, Japan, Brazil, South Africa and 25 other emerging markets. In its mission to create healthier communities globally, Zydus Cadila delivers wide ranging healthcare solutions and value to its customers. With over 11,000 employees worldwide, a world-class research and development centre dedicated to discovery research and eight state-of-the-art manufacturing plants, the group is dedicated to improving people’s lives. Additional information is available on the web at http://www.zyduscadila.com/
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Except for the historical information contained herein, the matters discussed in this news release are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including uncertainties related to product development, uncertainties related to the need for regulatory and other government approvals, dependence on proprietary technology, uncertainty of market acceptance of oral interferon or the Company’s other product candidates and other risks detailed from time to time in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In particular, see “Item 1. Description of Business” and “Item 7A. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009.
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List of medications that may cause or aggravate dry mouth
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Abciximab (Reopro)
Acamprosate Calcium (Campral)
Acetaminophen / Tramadol (Ultracet)
Acetaminophen / Butalbital / Caffeine / Codeine Phosphate
(Phrenilin)
Adenosine (Adenoscan)
Albuterol Sulfate / Ipratropium Bromide (Combivent)
Albuterol Sulfate (Proventil, Ventolin)
Almotriptan Malate (Axert)
Alprazolam (Niravam, Xanax)
Alprostadil (Caverject)
Amantadine Hydrochloride (Symmetrel)
Amiloride Hydrochloride (Midamor)
Amiloride Hydrochloride / Hydrochlorothiazide (Moduretic)
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Amlodipine Besylate / Atorvastatin (Caduet)
Amlodipine Besylate / Benazepril Hydrochloride (Lotrel)
Amlodipine Besylate (Norvasc)
Amoxicillin / Clarithromycin / Lansoprazole (PREVPAC)
Amphetamine Aspartate / Amphetamine Sulfate /
Dextroamphetamine Saccharate / Dextroamphetamine
Sulfate (Adderall)
Amphotericin B. Liposomal (Ambisome)
Anastrozole (Arimidex)
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Arsenic Trioxide (Trisenox)
Aspirin / Caffeine / Orphenadrine Citrate (Norgesic)
Atenolol / Chlorthalidone (Tenoretic)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride (Strattera)
Atorvastatin Calcium (Lipitor)
Atropine Sulfate (Motofen)
Atropine Sulfate / Benzoic Acid / Hyoscyamine /
Methenamine / Methylene Blue / Phenyl Salicylate
(Urised)
Atropine Sulfate / Hyoscyamine Sulfate /
Phenobarbital / Scopolamine Hydrobromide (Donnatal)
Azatadine Maleate (Trinalin)
Azelastine Hydrochloride (Astelin)
Balsalazide Disodium (Colazal)
Beclomethasone Dipropionate (Beclovent, Vanceril)
Belladonna alkaloids / Phenobarbital (Donnatal)
Belladonna Alkaloids / Hyoscyamine Sulfate /
Methenamine / Methylene Blue / Phenyl Salicylate /
Sodium Biphosphate (Urimax)
Benazepril Hydrochloride (Lotensin)
Bendroflumethiazide (Corzide)
Benztropine Mesylate (Cogentin)
Bepridil Hydrochloride (Vascor)
Betaxolol Hydrochloride (Kerlone)
Bevacizumab (Avastin)
Bexarotene (Targretin)
Bicalutamide (Casodex)
Biperiden Hydrochloride (Akineton)
Brimonidine Tartrate (Alphagan)
Brinzolamide (Azopt)
Brompheniramine Maleate (Bromfed, Dimetane)
Brompheniramine / Phenylpropanolamine / Codeine
(Dimetane-DX)
Budesonide (Pulmicort, Rhinocort)
Bupropion Hydrochloride (Wellbutrin, Zyban)
Buspirone Hydrochloride (Buspar)
Butabarbital / Fluoxetine Hydrochloride / Hyoscyamine
Hydrobromide / Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride (Pyridium)
Cabergoline (Dostinex)
Calcitonin-Salmon (Fortical, Miacalcin)
Calcitriol (Calcijex)
Capecitabine (Xeloda)
Captopril (Captopril)
Carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol)
Carbidopa (Lodosyn)
Carbidopa / Levodopa (Parcopa, Sinemet)
Carbidopa / Entacapone / Levodopa (Stalevo)
Carbinoxamine Maleate / Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide /
Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride (Balamine)
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Cefdinir (Omnicef)
Cefditoren Pivoxil (Spectracef)
Cefpodoxime Proxetil (Vantin)
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Cetirizine Hydrochloride (Zyrtec)
Cetirizine Hydrochloride / Pseudoephedrine (Zyrtec-D)
Cevimeline Hydrochloride (Evoxac)
Chlorothiazide Sodium (Diuril)
Chlorpheniramine Maleate (Chlor-Trimeton)
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Chlorthalidone (Thalitone, Hygroton)
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Cisapride (Propulsid)
Citalopram Hydrobromide (Celexa)
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Clonidine (Catapres, Catapres-TTS)
Clonidine / Chlorthalidone (Combipres)
Clorazepate Dipotassium (Tranxene-SD)
Clozapine (Clozaril, Faxaclo)
Codeine
Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride (Flexeril)
Cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral)
Darifenacin (Enablex)
Delavirdine Mesylate (Rescriptor)
Desipramine (Norpramin)
Desloratadine (Clarinex)
Desloratadine / Loratadine / Pseudoephedrine Sulfate
(Clarinex-D)
Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride (Focalin)
Dextroamphetamine Sulfate (Dexedrine, Dextrostat)
Diazepam (Valium)
Diazoxide (Hyperstat)
Diclofenac Potassium (Cataflam)
Diclofenac Sodium / Misoprostol (Arthrotec)
Diclofenac Sodium (Voltaren, Voltaren-XR)
Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (Bentyl)
Diethylpropion Hydrochloride USP (Tenuate)
Diflunisal (Dolobid)
Dihydroergotamine Mesylate (Migranal)
Diltiazem Hydrochloride (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac)
Diphenhydramine (Dramamine, Benadryl)
Disopyramide Phosphate (Norpace)
Divalproex Sodium (Depakote)
Donepezil Hydrochloride (Aricept)
Dorzolamide Hydrochloride (Cosopt, Trusopt)
Doxepin Hydrochloride (Prudoxin)
Doxercalciferol (Hectorol)
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Liposome (Doxil)
Duloxetine Hydrochloride (Cymbalta)
Eletriptan Hydrobromide (Relpax)
Enalapril Maleate / Hydrochlorothiazide (Vaseretic)
Enalapril Maleate (Vasotec)
Enalaprilat
Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
Enoxacin (Penetrex)
Entacapone (Comtan)
Ephedrine Sulfate / Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride /
Theophylline (Marax)
Eprosartan Mesylate (Teveten)
Escitalopram Oxalate (Lexapro)
Esmolol Hydrochloride (Brevibloc)
Esomeprazole Magnesium (Nexium)
Estazolam (Prosom)
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
Etanercept (Enbrel)
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Felodipine (Plendil)
Fenofibrate (Antara, Lofibra, Tricor)
Fenoprofen Calcium (Nalfon)
Fentanyl (Duragesic)
Fentanyl Citrate (Actiq)
Fexofenadine Hydrochloride (Allegra-D)
Flecainide Acetate (Tambocor)
Fluocinolone Acetonide / Hydroquinone / Tretinoin
(Tri-Luma)
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride (Prozac)
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride / Olanzapine (Symbyax)
Flurazepam Hydrochloride (Dalmane)
Fluticasone Propionate / Salmeterol Xinafoate (Advair)
Fluvoxamine Maleate (Luvox)
Formoterol Fumarate (Foradil)
Foscarnet Sodium (Foscavir)
Fosinopril Sodium (Monopril)
Frovatriptan Succinate (Frova)
Furosemide (Lasix)
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Galantamine Hydrobromide (Razadyne)
Ganciclovir (Cytovene)
Gemifloxacin Mesylate (Factive)
Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone)
Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
Goserelin Acetate (Zoladex)
Grepafloxacin Hydrochloride (Raxar)
Guanadrel Sulfate (Hylorel)
Guanfacine Hydrochloride (Tenex)
Guanidine Hydrochloride (Guanidine)
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide / Triamterene (Dyazide)
Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Ibuprofen (Vicoprofen)
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride (Dilaudid, Dilaudid-HP)
Hyoscyamine (Cystospaz, Levbid, Nulev)
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
Ibuprofen / Oxycodone Hydrochloride (Combunox)
Imipramine Pamoate (Tofranil)
Interferon Alfa-2b, Recombinant (Intron)
Interferon Alfacon-1 (Infergen)
Interferon Alfa-N3 (Human Leukocyte Derived) (Alferon)
Interferon Beta-1a (Rebif)
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imdur, Monoket)
Isotretinoin (Accutane, Amnesteem)
Isradipine (Dynacirc)
Ketoprofen (Orudis)
Ketotifen Fumarate (Zaditor)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Leflunomide (Arava)
Leuprolide Acetate (Lupron, Viadur)
Levalbuterol Hydrochloride (Xopenex)
Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Levomethadyl Acetate Hydrochloride (Orlaam)
Levorphanol Tartrate (Levorphanol)
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Lisinopril / Hydrochlorothiazide (Zestoretic)
Lithium Carbonate (Eskalith, Lithobid)
Lomefloxacin Hydrochloride (Maxaquin)
Loperamide Hydrochloride (Imodium)
Lopinavir / Ritonavir (Kaletra)
Loratadine (Claritin)
Loratadine / Pseudoephedrine (Claritin-D)
Losartan Potassium (Cozaar)
Losartan Potassium / Hydrochlorothiazide (Hyzaar)
Lovastatin / Niacin (Advicor)
Lovastatin (Altoprev, Mevacor)
Loxapine Hydrochloride (Loxitane)
Mecamylamine Hydrochloride (Inversine)
Meclizine Hydrochloride (Antivert, Bonine)
Mefenamic Acid (Ponstel)
Megestrol Acetate (Megace)
Meloxicam (Mobic)
Meperidine Hydrochloride (Mepergan)
Mesalamine (Asacol)
Metaproterenol Sulfate (Alupent)
Methadone Hydrochloride (Dolophine, Methadone)
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Desoxyn)
Methyldopate Hydrochloride (Aldomet)
Metoprolol Succinate (Toprol-XL)
Metronidazole (Metrogel-Vaginal, Noritate)
Metyrosine (Demser)
Midodrine Hydrochloride (Proamatine)
Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Modafinil (Provigil)
Moexipril Hydrochloride (Univasc)
Molindone Hydrochloride (Moban)
Mometasone Furoate (Elocon)
Moricizine Hydrochloride (Ethmozine)
Morphine Sulfate (Avinza, Kadian, MSIR, Roxanol)
Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride (Avelox)
Mupirocin calcium (Bactroban)
Mycophenolate Mofetil (Cellcept)
Nabumetone (Relafen)
Nadolol (Nadolol)
Nalbuphine Hydrochloride (Nubain)
Naltrexone Hydrochloride (Revia)
Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)
Nedocromil Sodium (Tilade)
Niacin (Niaspan)
Nicotine (Habitrol, Nicorette, Nicotrol)
Nifedipine (Adalat)
Nisoldipine (Sular)
Nizatidine (Axid)
Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
Octreotide Acetate (Sandostatin)
Ofloxacin (Floxin)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters (Omacor)
Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid)
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Orphenadrine Citrate (Norflex)
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
Oxybutynin (Oxytrol)
Oxybutynin Chloride (Ditropan)
Oxycodone Hydrochloride (Oxycontin)
Oxymorphone Hydrochloride (Numorphan)
Palonosetron Hydrochloride (Aloxi)
Pantoprazole Sodium (Protonix)
Paricalcitol (Zemplar)
Paroxetine Hydrochloride (Paxil)
Peginterferon Alfa-2a (Pegasys)
Peginterferon Alfa-2b (PEG-Intron)
Pemetrexed (Alimta)
Pentazocine Hydrochloride (Talwin, Talwin Nx)
Pergolide Mesylate (Permax)
Perindopril Erbumine (Aceon)
Perphenazine (Trilafon)
Phenelzine sulfate (Nardil)
Phendimetrazine Tartrate (Bontril)
Phentermine Hydrochloride (Adipex-P, Fastin)
Pimozide (Orap)
Pirbuterol Acetate (Maxair)
Piroxicam (Feldene)
Pramipexole Dihydrochloride (Mirapex)
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Procarbazine Hydrochloride (Matulane)
Prochlorperazine (Compazine, Compro)
Progesterone (Crinone, Prochieve, Prometrium)
Promethazine Hydrochloride (Phenergan)
Propafenone Hydrochloride (Rythmol)
Propofol (Diprivan, Propofol)
Propoxyphene Hydrochloride (Darvon)
Protirelin (Thyrel)
Protriptyline Hydrochloride (Vivactil)
Quetiapine Fumarate (Seroquel)
Rabeprazole Sodium (Aciphex)
Ramipril (Altace)
Rescinnamine (Moderil)
Ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol)
Riluzole (Rilutek)
Rimantadine Hydrochloride (Flumadine)
Risedronate Sodium (Actonel)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Ritonavir (Norvir)
Rivastigmine Tartrate (Exelon)
Rizatriptan Benzoate (Maxalt-MLT)
Ropinirole Hydrochloride (Requip)
Salmeterol Xinafoate (Serevent)
Saquinavir Mesylate (Invirase)
Scopolamine (Transderm)
Selegiline Hydrochloride (Eldepryl)
Sertraline Hydrochloride (Zoloft)
Sevoflurane (Ultane)
Sibutramine Hydrochloride Monohydrate (Meridia)
Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra)
Sodium Ferric Gluconate (Ferrlecit)
Solifenacin Succinate (Vesicare)
Sparfloxacin (Zagam)
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Sulindac (Clinoril)
Sumatriptan Succinate (Imitrex)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Telithromycin (Ketek)
Telmisartan (Micardis)
Temazepam (Restoril)
Terazosin Hydrochloride (Hytrin)
Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine)
Testosterone (Androgel, Testoderm, Striant,
Androderm)
Thalidomide (Thalomid)
Thiabendazole (Mintezol)
Thioridazine Hydrochloride (Thioridazine)
Thiothixene (Thiothixene)
Tiagabine Hydrochloride (Gabitril)
Tigecycline (Tygacil)
Timolol Hemihydrate (Betimol)
Timolol Maleate (Timoptic, Timoptic-XE)
Tinidazole (Tindamax)
Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva)
Tizanidine Hydrochloride (Zanaflex)
Tocainide Hydrochloride (Tonocard)
Tolcapone (Tasmar)
Tolterodine Tartrate (Detrol)
Topiramate (Topamax)
Tramadol Hydrochloride (Ultram)
Trandolapril / Verapamil Hydrochloride (Tarka)
Tranylcypromine Sulfate (Parnate)
Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort, Nasacort)
Triamterene (Dyrenium)
Triamterene / Hydrochlorothiazide (Maxzide, Dyazide)
Triazolam (Halcion)
Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride (Stelazine)
Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride (Artane)
Trimipramine Maleate (Surmontil)
Trospium Chloride (Sanctura)
Valproate Sodium (Depacon)
Valproic Acid (Depakene)
Valsartan (Diovan)
Valsartin / Hydrochlorothiazide (Diovan HCT)
Vardenafil Hydrochloride (Levitra)
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride (Effexor)
Verapamil Hydrochloride (Covera-HS, Verelan)
Voriconazole (VFEND)
Zaleplon (Sonata)
Ziprasidone Hydrochloride (Geodon)
Zolmitriptan (Zomig)
Zolpidem Tartrate (Ambien)
Zonisamide (Zonegran)
www.projectsinknowledge.com/init/G/1628/1628-Handbook.pdf
Acamprosate Calcium (Campral)
Acetaminophen / Tramadol (Ultracet)
Acetaminophen / Butalbital / Caffeine / Codeine Phosphate
(Phrenilin)
Adenosine (Adenoscan)
Albuterol Sulfate / Ipratropium Bromide (Combivent)
Albuterol Sulfate (Proventil, Ventolin)
Almotriptan Malate (Axert)
Alprazolam (Niravam, Xanax)
Alprostadil (Caverject)
Amantadine Hydrochloride (Symmetrel)
Amiloride Hydrochloride (Midamor)
Amiloride Hydrochloride / Hydrochlorothiazide (Moduretic)
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Amlodipine Besylate / Atorvastatin (Caduet)
Amlodipine Besylate / Benazepril Hydrochloride (Lotrel)
Amlodipine Besylate (Norvasc)
Amoxicillin / Clarithromycin / Lansoprazole (PREVPAC)
Amphetamine Aspartate / Amphetamine Sulfate /
Dextroamphetamine Saccharate / Dextroamphetamine
Sulfate (Adderall)
Amphotericin B. Liposomal (Ambisome)
Anastrozole (Arimidex)
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Arsenic Trioxide (Trisenox)
Aspirin / Caffeine / Orphenadrine Citrate (Norgesic)
Atenolol / Chlorthalidone (Tenoretic)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride (Strattera)
Atorvastatin Calcium (Lipitor)
Atropine Sulfate (Motofen)
Atropine Sulfate / Benzoic Acid / Hyoscyamine /
Methenamine / Methylene Blue / Phenyl Salicylate
(Urised)
Atropine Sulfate / Hyoscyamine Sulfate /
Phenobarbital / Scopolamine Hydrobromide (Donnatal)
Azatadine Maleate (Trinalin)
Azelastine Hydrochloride (Astelin)
Balsalazide Disodium (Colazal)
Beclomethasone Dipropionate (Beclovent, Vanceril)
Belladonna alkaloids / Phenobarbital (Donnatal)
Belladonna Alkaloids / Hyoscyamine Sulfate /
Methenamine / Methylene Blue / Phenyl Salicylate /
Sodium Biphosphate (Urimax)
Benazepril Hydrochloride (Lotensin)
Bendroflumethiazide (Corzide)
Benztropine Mesylate (Cogentin)
Bepridil Hydrochloride (Vascor)
Betaxolol Hydrochloride (Kerlone)
Bevacizumab (Avastin)
Bexarotene (Targretin)
Bicalutamide (Casodex)
Biperiden Hydrochloride (Akineton)
Brimonidine Tartrate (Alphagan)
Brinzolamide (Azopt)
Brompheniramine Maleate (Bromfed, Dimetane)
Brompheniramine / Phenylpropanolamine / Codeine
(Dimetane-DX)
Budesonide (Pulmicort, Rhinocort)
Bupropion Hydrochloride (Wellbutrin, Zyban)
Buspirone Hydrochloride (Buspar)
Butabarbital / Fluoxetine Hydrochloride / Hyoscyamine
Hydrobromide / Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride (Pyridium)
Cabergoline (Dostinex)
Calcitonin-Salmon (Fortical, Miacalcin)
Calcitriol (Calcijex)
Capecitabine (Xeloda)
Captopril (Captopril)
Carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol)
Carbidopa (Lodosyn)
Carbidopa / Levodopa (Parcopa, Sinemet)
Carbidopa / Entacapone / Levodopa (Stalevo)
Carbinoxamine Maleate / Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide /
Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride (Balamine)
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Cefdinir (Omnicef)
Cefditoren Pivoxil (Spectracef)
Cefpodoxime Proxetil (Vantin)
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Cetirizine Hydrochloride (Zyrtec)
Cetirizine Hydrochloride / Pseudoephedrine (Zyrtec-D)
Cevimeline Hydrochloride (Evoxac)
Chlorothiazide Sodium (Diuril)
Chlorpheniramine Maleate (Chlor-Trimeton)
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Chlorthalidone (Thalitone, Hygroton)
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Cisapride (Propulsid)
Citalopram Hydrobromide (Celexa)
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Clonidine (Catapres, Catapres-TTS)
Clonidine / Chlorthalidone (Combipres)
Clorazepate Dipotassium (Tranxene-SD)
Clozapine (Clozaril, Faxaclo)
Codeine
Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride (Flexeril)
Cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral)
Darifenacin (Enablex)
Delavirdine Mesylate (Rescriptor)
Desipramine (Norpramin)
Desloratadine (Clarinex)
Desloratadine / Loratadine / Pseudoephedrine Sulfate
(Clarinex-D)
Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride (Focalin)
Dextroamphetamine Sulfate (Dexedrine, Dextrostat)
Diazepam (Valium)
Diazoxide (Hyperstat)
Diclofenac Potassium (Cataflam)
Diclofenac Sodium / Misoprostol (Arthrotec)
Diclofenac Sodium (Voltaren, Voltaren-XR)
Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (Bentyl)
Diethylpropion Hydrochloride USP (Tenuate)
Diflunisal (Dolobid)
Dihydroergotamine Mesylate (Migranal)
Diltiazem Hydrochloride (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac)
Diphenhydramine (Dramamine, Benadryl)
Disopyramide Phosphate (Norpace)
Divalproex Sodium (Depakote)
Donepezil Hydrochloride (Aricept)
Dorzolamide Hydrochloride (Cosopt, Trusopt)
Doxepin Hydrochloride (Prudoxin)
Doxercalciferol (Hectorol)
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Liposome (Doxil)
Duloxetine Hydrochloride (Cymbalta)
Eletriptan Hydrobromide (Relpax)
Enalapril Maleate / Hydrochlorothiazide (Vaseretic)
Enalapril Maleate (Vasotec)
Enalaprilat
Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
Enoxacin (Penetrex)
Entacapone (Comtan)
Ephedrine Sulfate / Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride /
Theophylline (Marax)
Eprosartan Mesylate (Teveten)
Escitalopram Oxalate (Lexapro)
Esmolol Hydrochloride (Brevibloc)
Esomeprazole Magnesium (Nexium)
Estazolam (Prosom)
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
Etanercept (Enbrel)
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Felodipine (Plendil)
Fenofibrate (Antara, Lofibra, Tricor)
Fenoprofen Calcium (Nalfon)
Fentanyl (Duragesic)
Fentanyl Citrate (Actiq)
Fexofenadine Hydrochloride (Allegra-D)
Flecainide Acetate (Tambocor)
Fluocinolone Acetonide / Hydroquinone / Tretinoin
(Tri-Luma)
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride (Prozac)
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride / Olanzapine (Symbyax)
Flurazepam Hydrochloride (Dalmane)
Fluticasone Propionate / Salmeterol Xinafoate (Advair)
Fluvoxamine Maleate (Luvox)
Formoterol Fumarate (Foradil)
Foscarnet Sodium (Foscavir)
Fosinopril Sodium (Monopril)
Frovatriptan Succinate (Frova)
Furosemide (Lasix)
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Galantamine Hydrobromide (Razadyne)
Ganciclovir (Cytovene)
Gemifloxacin Mesylate (Factive)
Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone)
Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
Goserelin Acetate (Zoladex)
Grepafloxacin Hydrochloride (Raxar)
Guanadrel Sulfate (Hylorel)
Guanfacine Hydrochloride (Tenex)
Guanidine Hydrochloride (Guanidine)
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide / Triamterene (Dyazide)
Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Ibuprofen (Vicoprofen)
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride (Dilaudid, Dilaudid-HP)
Hyoscyamine (Cystospaz, Levbid, Nulev)
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
Ibuprofen / Oxycodone Hydrochloride (Combunox)
Imipramine Pamoate (Tofranil)
Interferon Alfa-2b, Recombinant (Intron)
Interferon Alfacon-1 (Infergen)
Interferon Alfa-N3 (Human Leukocyte Derived) (Alferon)
Interferon Beta-1a (Rebif)
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imdur, Monoket)
Isotretinoin (Accutane, Amnesteem)
Isradipine (Dynacirc)
Ketoprofen (Orudis)
Ketotifen Fumarate (Zaditor)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Leflunomide (Arava)
Leuprolide Acetate (Lupron, Viadur)
Levalbuterol Hydrochloride (Xopenex)
Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Levomethadyl Acetate Hydrochloride (Orlaam)
Levorphanol Tartrate (Levorphanol)
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Lisinopril / Hydrochlorothiazide (Zestoretic)
Lithium Carbonate (Eskalith, Lithobid)
Lomefloxacin Hydrochloride (Maxaquin)
Loperamide Hydrochloride (Imodium)
Lopinavir / Ritonavir (Kaletra)
Loratadine (Claritin)
Loratadine / Pseudoephedrine (Claritin-D)
Losartan Potassium (Cozaar)
Losartan Potassium / Hydrochlorothiazide (Hyzaar)
Lovastatin / Niacin (Advicor)
Lovastatin (Altoprev, Mevacor)
Loxapine Hydrochloride (Loxitane)
Mecamylamine Hydrochloride (Inversine)
Meclizine Hydrochloride (Antivert, Bonine)
Mefenamic Acid (Ponstel)
Megestrol Acetate (Megace)
Meloxicam (Mobic)
Meperidine Hydrochloride (Mepergan)
Mesalamine (Asacol)
Metaproterenol Sulfate (Alupent)
Methadone Hydrochloride (Dolophine, Methadone)
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Desoxyn)
Methyldopate Hydrochloride (Aldomet)
Metoprolol Succinate (Toprol-XL)
Metronidazole (Metrogel-Vaginal, Noritate)
Metyrosine (Demser)
Midodrine Hydrochloride (Proamatine)
Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Modafinil (Provigil)
Moexipril Hydrochloride (Univasc)
Molindone Hydrochloride (Moban)
Mometasone Furoate (Elocon)
Moricizine Hydrochloride (Ethmozine)
Morphine Sulfate (Avinza, Kadian, MSIR, Roxanol)
Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride (Avelox)
Mupirocin calcium (Bactroban)
Mycophenolate Mofetil (Cellcept)
Nabumetone (Relafen)
Nadolol (Nadolol)
Nalbuphine Hydrochloride (Nubain)
Naltrexone Hydrochloride (Revia)
Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)
Nedocromil Sodium (Tilade)
Niacin (Niaspan)
Nicotine (Habitrol, Nicorette, Nicotrol)
Nifedipine (Adalat)
Nisoldipine (Sular)
Nizatidine (Axid)
Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
Octreotide Acetate (Sandostatin)
Ofloxacin (Floxin)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters (Omacor)
Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid)
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Orphenadrine Citrate (Norflex)
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
Oxybutynin (Oxytrol)
Oxybutynin Chloride (Ditropan)
Oxycodone Hydrochloride (Oxycontin)
Oxymorphone Hydrochloride (Numorphan)
Palonosetron Hydrochloride (Aloxi)
Pantoprazole Sodium (Protonix)
Paricalcitol (Zemplar)
Paroxetine Hydrochloride (Paxil)
Peginterferon Alfa-2a (Pegasys)
Peginterferon Alfa-2b (PEG-Intron)
Pemetrexed (Alimta)
Pentazocine Hydrochloride (Talwin, Talwin Nx)
Pergolide Mesylate (Permax)
Perindopril Erbumine (Aceon)
Perphenazine (Trilafon)
Phenelzine sulfate (Nardil)
Phendimetrazine Tartrate (Bontril)
Phentermine Hydrochloride (Adipex-P, Fastin)
Pimozide (Orap)
Pirbuterol Acetate (Maxair)
Piroxicam (Feldene)
Pramipexole Dihydrochloride (Mirapex)
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Procarbazine Hydrochloride (Matulane)
Prochlorperazine (Compazine, Compro)
Progesterone (Crinone, Prochieve, Prometrium)
Promethazine Hydrochloride (Phenergan)
Propafenone Hydrochloride (Rythmol)
Propofol (Diprivan, Propofol)
Propoxyphene Hydrochloride (Darvon)
Protirelin (Thyrel)
Protriptyline Hydrochloride (Vivactil)
Quetiapine Fumarate (Seroquel)
Rabeprazole Sodium (Aciphex)
Ramipril (Altace)
Rescinnamine (Moderil)
Ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol)
Riluzole (Rilutek)
Rimantadine Hydrochloride (Flumadine)
Risedronate Sodium (Actonel)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Ritonavir (Norvir)
Rivastigmine Tartrate (Exelon)
Rizatriptan Benzoate (Maxalt-MLT)
Ropinirole Hydrochloride (Requip)
Salmeterol Xinafoate (Serevent)
Saquinavir Mesylate (Invirase)
Scopolamine (Transderm)
Selegiline Hydrochloride (Eldepryl)
Sertraline Hydrochloride (Zoloft)
Sevoflurane (Ultane)
Sibutramine Hydrochloride Monohydrate (Meridia)
Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra)
Sodium Ferric Gluconate (Ferrlecit)
Solifenacin Succinate (Vesicare)
Sparfloxacin (Zagam)
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Sulindac (Clinoril)
Sumatriptan Succinate (Imitrex)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Telithromycin (Ketek)
Telmisartan (Micardis)
Temazepam (Restoril)
Terazosin Hydrochloride (Hytrin)
Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine)
Testosterone (Androgel, Testoderm, Striant,
Androderm)
Thalidomide (Thalomid)
Thiabendazole (Mintezol)
Thioridazine Hydrochloride (Thioridazine)
Thiothixene (Thiothixene)
Tiagabine Hydrochloride (Gabitril)
Tigecycline (Tygacil)
Timolol Hemihydrate (Betimol)
Timolol Maleate (Timoptic, Timoptic-XE)
Tinidazole (Tindamax)
Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva)
Tizanidine Hydrochloride (Zanaflex)
Tocainide Hydrochloride (Tonocard)
Tolcapone (Tasmar)
Tolterodine Tartrate (Detrol)
Topiramate (Topamax)
Tramadol Hydrochloride (Ultram)
Trandolapril / Verapamil Hydrochloride (Tarka)
Tranylcypromine Sulfate (Parnate)
Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort, Nasacort)
Triamterene (Dyrenium)
Triamterene / Hydrochlorothiazide (Maxzide, Dyazide)
Triazolam (Halcion)
Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride (Stelazine)
Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride (Artane)
Trimipramine Maleate (Surmontil)
Trospium Chloride (Sanctura)
Valproate Sodium (Depacon)
Valproic Acid (Depakene)
Valsartan (Diovan)
Valsartin / Hydrochlorothiazide (Diovan HCT)
Vardenafil Hydrochloride (Levitra)
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride (Effexor)
Verapamil Hydrochloride (Covera-HS, Verelan)
Voriconazole (VFEND)
Zaleplon (Sonata)
Ziprasidone Hydrochloride (Geodon)
Zolmitriptan (Zomig)
Zolpidem Tartrate (Ambien)
Zonisamide (Zonegran)
www.projectsinknowledge.com/init/G/1628/1628-Handbook.pdf
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